Reference
All Verb Tenses
Verb Tenses show when an action happens and how it is viewed (simple, continuous, or perfect). Os tempos verbais mostram quando uma ação acontece e como ela é vista (simples, contínua ou perfeita).
Verb Be (Present)
Form: am / is / areUse: states, identity, age, location. Usamos para estado, identidade, idade e localização.•I am a student. Eu sou um estudante.•She is at home. Ela está em casa.
Verb Be (Past)
Form: was / wereUse: past states and situations. Usamos para estados e situações no passado.•I was tired yesterday. Eu estava cansado ontem.•They were late. Eles estavam atrasados.
Simple Present
Use: routines, facts, and general truths. Rotinas, fatos e verdades gerais.Form: base verb (+s in 3rd person singular)•She works in an office. Ela trabalha em um escritório.•We live in Brazil. Nós moramos no Brasil.
Present Continuous
Form: am / is / are + verb-ingUse: actions happening now or temporary situations. Ações acontecendo agora ou situações temporárias.•I am studying now. Estou estudando agora.•They are working this week. Eles estão trabalhando esta semana.
Present Perfect
Form: have / has + past participleUse: life experience and actions with results now. Experiências de vida e ações com resultado no presente.•I have visited London. Eu visitei Londres.•She has finished her homework. Ela terminou a lição.
Present Perfect Continuous
Form: have / has been + verb-ingUse: duration of an action that started in the past and continues now. Duração de uma ação que começou no passado e continua agora.•I have been studying for two hours. Eu estou estudando há duas horas.
Simple Past
Use: finished actions in the past. Ações concluídas no passado.Form: regular (-ed) / irregular verbs•We watched a movie. Nós assistimos a um filme.•He went home early. Ele foi para casa cedo.
Past Continuous
Form: was / were + verb-ingUse: an action in progress in the past. Ação em progresso no passado.•I was studying when you called. Eu estava estudando quando você ligou.
Past Perfect
Form: had + past participleUse: an action before another action in the past. Ação que aconteceu antes de outra no passado.•She had left before I arrived. Ela tinha saído antes de eu chegar.
Past Perfect Continuous
Form: had been + verb-ingUse: duration before a past moment. Duração antes de um momento no passado.•They had been waiting for an hour. Eles estavam esperando há uma hora.
Simple Future (Will vs. Going to)
Will → decisions made now, promises, predictions. Decisões no momento, promessas, previsões.Going to → plans and strong evidence. Planos e evidência forte.•I will help you. Eu vou te ajudar.•She is going to travel tomorrow. Ela vai viajar amanhã.
Future Continuous
Form: will be + verb-ingUse: an action in progress at a future time. Ação em progresso em um momento futuro.•This time tomorrow, I will be working. A essa hora amanhã, estarei trabalhando.
Future Perfect
Form: will have + past participleUse: an action finished before a future moment. Ação concluída antes de um momento futuro.•By 6 p.m., she will have finished. Até as 18h, ela terá terminado.
Future Perfect Continuous
Form: will have been + verb-ingUse: duration up to a future point. Duração até um ponto no futuro.•By next year, I will have been working here for five years. Até o ano que vem, estarei trabalhando aqui há cinco anos.
Exercises
1. Choose the correct verb tense.
1. She usually ___ to work by bus.
2. I ___ my homework already.
3. This time yesterday, we ___ dinner.
4. By tomorrow, he ___ the report.
5. They ___ here since 2018.
6. Look at those clouds! It ___ rain.
7. When I arrived, she ___ on the phone.
8. He ___ three books this month.
9. By next week, we ___ here for a year.
10. She ___ when the lights went out.
2. Fill in the blanks with the correct verb tense.